Lifelong Sport

Understanding the difference between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation is crucial in comprehending human behaviour, particularly when it comes to motivation to play sport. Both types of motivation play significant roles in driving individuals to achieve their goals and perform certain actions. In this article, we will delve into the definitions, characteristics, and examples of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Defining Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation refers to the internal drive or desire that comes from within an individual to engage in a particular activity. People who are intrinsically motivated are motivated by internal factors such as personal satisfaction, enjoyment, or a sense of accomplishment. They engage in activities simply because they find them interesting or fulfilling.

Intrinsic motivation is often associated with pursuing activities for the sake of personal growth, curiosity, or self-expression. It is driven by internal rewards, such as a sense of competence or mastery, rather than external rewards like money or recognition.

Characteristics of Intrinsic Motivation

A person who is intrinsically motivated will exhibit the following:

• Feelings of greater self belief and efficacy
• Enhanced learning, performance and creativity,
• Optimal development and overall psychological wellness including lower anxiety, stress and chance of mental health disease
• Deeper contextual understanding and greater brain elasticity
• Greater curiosity and engagement.

Contributing factors that develop Intrinsic Motivation

Autonomy: Individuals who are intrinsically motivated have a sense of independence and control over their actions. They choose to engage in activities based on their personal preferences and interests.
Competence or Mastery: Intrinsic motivation is closely linked to the desire for mastery and self-improvement. Individuals strive to develop and enhance their skills and knowledge in a specific area. This can grow out of curiosity and seeking further understanding and knowledge.
Connectedness: The relationships and interactions we experience through our activity (sport in this case) directly enhances, or diminishes, our intrinsic motivation.

Examples of Intrinsic Motivation

A person who loves painting and spends hours creating artwork purely for the joy and self-expression it brings.
An individual who enjoys playing a musical instrument because they find it fulfilling and challenging.
Someone who is passionate about learning new languages and dedicates their time to studying different languages without any external pressure.

Defining Extrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, refers to the drive to engage in an activity for external rewards or to avoid punishment. It involves performing a task or behaviour to attain a specific outcome or receive external recognition.
Extrinsic motivation can be influenced by factors such as money, grades, praise, or social acceptance. Individuals are motivated by external incentives rather than their own inherent interest or enjoyment of the activity.

Characteristics of Extrinsic Motivation

External Rewards: Extrinsic motivation relies on external rewards or reinforcements to encourage behaviour. These rewards can include money, prizes, certificates, or recognition.
Compliance: Individuals who are extrinsically motivated may engage in activities to meet external expectations or obligations rather than their own personal desires.
Competition: Extrinsic motivation can be fuelled by the desire to outperform others or gain a competitive advantage.

Examples of Extrinsic Motivation

1. A student who studies hard to receive good grades and earn praise from their parents or teachers.

2. An employee who works diligently to earn a promotion or receive a year-end bonus.

3. Someone who exercises regularly to achieve a certain physical appearance and receive compliments from others. 

Conclusion

Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation are two distinct forms of motivation that drive human behaviour. Intrinsic motivation arises from internal factors, such as personal satisfaction and enjoyment, while extrinsic motivation is based on external incentives and rewards.

When the perceived value of the reward is diminished or removed then the person will no longer take part in the activity. This is why intrinsic motivation is highly preferred as the form of motivation for people to participate in sport and why sports and clubs need to create environments that cultivate the individuals love of the sport.

Understanding the differences between these two types of motivation can help individuals and organisations create environments that foster motivation and engagement. By acknowledging the importance of intrinsic motivation and balancing it with appropriate extrinsic motivators, individuals can find greater fulfilment and achieve their goals more effectively, dramatically improving the likelihood of their long term participation.

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